Brazil’s Supreme Federal Court (STF), the country’s highest constitutional authority, has finalized its definitive ruling against the *Marco Temporal*, or “time-limit” thesis, for Indigenous land demarcation. The decision confirms that Indigenous territorial rights are “originários”—pre-existing and not dependent on the date the current Constitution was promulgated on October 5, 1988, dealing a major blow to the powerful Brazilian agribusiness lobby that had pushed for the restriction. The ruling effectively neutralizes the central provision of Law 14.701/2023, which the National Congress had passed to re-establish the time-limit after the STF first rejected the doctrine in 2023, setting the final legal framework for land ownership in the country.