Brazil’s political landscape is defined by deepening institutional warfare and an election race that remains too close to call, setting up a volatile final month before voters head to the polls. The battle lines were drawn sharply this week as Senator Flávio Bolsonaro, the presidential candidate for the right, escalated his long-running feud with the Supreme Federal Court (STF), while a former Air Force chief offered a first-hand account of how the military averted a coup attempt by the Senator’s father, former President Jair Bolsonaro, after the 2022 election. Bolsonaro, who is locked in a statistical tie with incumbent President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, vowed at a rally to appoint five Supreme Court justices and explicitly called Justice Alexandre de Moraes a “rotten orange” who “will fall.” This strong language underscores a core theme of the election: a populist attack on the judiciary, whose nine other justices are now scrambling to restore the court’s tattered institutional credibility.